Ratio Decidendi
Where the victim freely and voluntarily self-injects a drug supplied by the defendant, the defendant is not guilty of manslaughter. The victim's autonomous act breaks the chain of causation.
ข้อเท็จจริง
Kennedy prepared heroin and gave a syringe to the deceased, who injected himself and died.
สรุปคำพิพากษา
The conviction was quashed. The deceased freely and voluntarily injected himself, breaking the chain of causation. Kennedy did not 'administer' the drug.
คำกล่าวสำคัญ
"The deceased's free and voluntary act of self-injection broke the chain of causation."
— Lord Bingham
การอ้างอิงภายหลัง
Good law
Definitive authority on causation in drug supply cases.